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Twenty-one · Decisions · Dealer

Blackjack

In blackjack each hand plays against the dealer and tries to approach 21 without exceeding it. Cards 2–10 count at face value, picture cards count 10 and an ace counts 1 or 11, whichever benefits the hand. Table rules—including blackjack payout, dealer draw, doubling and splitting—materially change expectation.

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Blackjack — illustrated rules and probability guide
Cards, dice and wheels follow precise rules; no illustration predicts the next result.

The game at a glance

The game at a glance

ObjectiveBeat the dealer without exceeding 21
Natural blackjackAce plus a ten-value card
DealerActs under a fixed rule
ChoicesHit, stand, double, split

Complete sequence of play

Complete sequence of play

  1. 01

    Deal

    Player and dealer receive two cards under the variant’s procedure, normally with one dealer card visible. An ace and ten-value card form a natural blackjack, unlike a three-card 21.

  2. 02

    Player action

    A player may hit, stand, sometimes double the bet for exactly one more card, or split a pair into two hands. The table must state which options are available.

  3. 03

    Dealer action

    After the players, the dealer reveals the hole card and draws automatically. The dealer normally hits below 17; some tables require a hit on soft 17, changing the house edge.

  4. 04

    Settlement

    A total over 21 loses immediately. Otherwise a total above the dealer wins even money, a tie pushes and a natural blackjack receives the posted payout.

Reference table

Card values

CardValueNote
2 to 9Face valueFixed
10, jack, queen, king10All equivalent
Ace1 or 11Best value without busting
Ace + ten-value cardBlackjackOnly as the first two cards

Understand before staking

Understand before staking

Natural blackjack and payout

A natural blackjack normally beats any 21 made with more than two cards. Traditional 3-to-2 payment is better than 6-to-5: a £10 stake wins £15 or £12 respectively, before returning the stake. This one line materially changes long-run cost. Also check whether the dealer checks immediately for blackjack under an ace or ten.

Doubling and splitting

Doubling adds an equal stake and usually gives one card only; splitting creates two hands and requires another stake. Rules may restrict double-after-split, resplits or split aces. Insurance, offered against a dealer ace, is a separate bet that the dealer has blackjack and normally carries a comparatively high house edge.

Basic strategy and counting

Basic strategy maps the player hand and dealer up-card to the table’s exact rules. It reduces avoidable mistakes but never guarantees profit. Counting does not predict the next card, and frequent or continuous shuffling reduces its practical effect. Betting progressions do not change draw probabilities.

Read the table first

Check deck count, blackjack payout, soft-17 rule, doubling, surrender and limits. Side bets such as Perfect Pairs or 21+3 use separate paytables and commonly carry a higher edge. Visual prominence does not make them part of the main hand or improve their value.

Official sources to consult

These references cover the jurisdiction stated in their titles. Applicable rules, variants and payouts remain those of the specific game and jurisdiction.

Légifrance — Arrêté du 14 mai 2007 : jeux dans les casinos (France)

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